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SUSTAINABILITY, EQUITY, DEVELOPMENT A world committed to the dignity of the human spirit and the right of every human being to the opportunity to pursue its own destiny. |
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The Thomas Theorem and Matthew Effect In Pursuit of Equity in Education Equity and Excellence in Education Gender Equity The "Fairness" Context
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We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these
rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government
becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to
alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its
foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as
to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. The Declaration of Independence 1776 Human beings are not born with equal talents or abilities, nor does wealth flow to the most meritorious. Wealth begets wealth without regard for merit. We have rags to riches stories like Bill Gates, who started a company and the wealthiest person on earth, or Bill Clinton who rose from poverty to become president of the United States, telling us that such success is possible, but statistics point to a darker reality. Rags to riches tales represent highly irregular exceptions to far more prevalent street smart world where rags remain in rags and the rich get richer. During the first half of the 20th century, humanity made great strides in the redistribution of exorbitant wealth in a way the bolstered the growth of the middle class and a well compensated, skilled labor force. The last two decades have seen a dramatic reversal of this progress and a growing gap between rich and poor. |
Sustainability
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To properly understand equity requires distinguishing it from equality. Desjardins (2002) notes that equity and equality are very different concepts. In terms of economic consumption, equality suggests we drive the same car and live in identical houses earning the same income. Think distilled communism where personal responsibility, reward for merit, risk, and the creation of value are not considered. Unworkable. Equity concerns the notion of "fairness" and "equal opportunity" where individuals producing equal value earn the same rewards. Sociologists and economists have studied how difficult the realization of this ideal can be. Some will argue that efforts to achieve it waste resources. THEOREM: The maximization of equity in society maximizes social utility. Social utility is easily illustrated by a class given pieces of cake. If we hand every child a piece of chocolate or vanilla cake at random, we arrive at a degree of "well being." If we let the children trade, each time a child wanting chocolate who has vanilla exchanges with a child who wants vanilla but has chocolate, the "social utility" of the class improves. Extend to the planet. Equity addresses the overall well being / utility enjoyed by society and it is seen as a desirable ideal set against the other critical and very necessary notion of efficiency. Even under the best of circumstances, society must struggle with the balance between rewarding merit and production and maintaining an acceptable degree regarding the distribution of resources. The literature introduces "utility curves" against "resource allocations" and the concept of "efficiency," which at the highest level is exceedingly simple: What does humanity do to achieve the greatest total good for the resources it expends? "For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath." Matthew 25:29, King James Version Lower income populations live in lower income housing that generates fewer funds for educations that eliminate participation in higher education and funnels them into low income positions. The wealthy receive a superior education through prestigious institutions and arrive at high paying positions. The scholars cut into this with theories on efficiency abstracting beyond numbers, one example using the idea of resource exchange (think ice cream) where it is impossible to shift resources to make one person better off without making someone else worse off. We have efficiency where the ice cream is optimally distributed. Distribution represents only a small part of the conversation. We must address production, the value of what is produced, and the incentives for producing. The quality of life for humanity suffers when lack of opportunity thwarts talent and squanders the collective contribution of thousands, millions, or hundreds of millions of able minded and able bodied capacity sidelined by resignation. The human talent that atrophies undeveloped in lower classes across the globe represent resources beyond calculation. As early as Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776), the recognition that what "improves the circumstances of the greater part can never be regarded as an inconvenience to the whole" has been acknowledged. Most would consider it common sense that a society where all but a few live in squalor is not prospering. |